The Causes of Coral Bleaching in India

in “Coral bleaching” Coral bleaching happened greatly in Australia's coast and Indian Ocean, and formed an unattractive benthonic scene. Colorful corals are created by zooxanthellae. At higher water temperatures, decreasing of zooplanktons, solar irradiance, varying water chemistry, silt runoff, and infections, and coral bleaching start out and can’t cease. Different types of coral species or of zooxanthellae have variable bleaching rates, and different recovery abilities and tolerance, and their health conditions and disparate genetics influence their resistance to coral bleaching. Fortunately, we know that some reef creatures, soft corals, giant clams and sponges could expel the stressful conditions of bleaching. However, coral bleaching takes months and even years to recover from, and threatens species undersea.

India has the most wide and beautiful coral reefs, but large parts of them suffer from bleaching and aren’t as beautiful as they were in the past. In the age of protecting environments, India, a poor country, worries about slower development of economic growth, and doesn’t want to limit the emission of greenhouse gases. Their response could be understood but couldn’t be accepted. As industrial development, overfishing and sightseeing are their main economic growing forces, over 90% of coral reefs in India are damaged.

World restriction programs would be useful in fighting the pollutants that damage coral reefs. Industrial development makes huge amounts of carbon dioxide, which acidifies air, soil and oceans, and creates wastewater, waste gases and waste materials, which pollute our living environment. Particular economic growth in India has been noticed in recent years, when the United Nations cared about the effects of global warming and tried hard to seek resolutions. In order to increase average income, electronic, heavy metallic or other high-technological industries are well expanded.

Changing overfishing is the simplest way to protect India’s oceans and promote economic growth in India. In order to survive, people in India like to fish for food and could not obey the laws of the ecosystem all the time. They fish by themselves without spending money, and consider this as an beneficial way to survive. They have good skills in boating, fishing, and resisting natural forces to get their food. How to increase other abilities to earn livings could be the important points. They could begin assistance of finding jobs, guidance in getting market or creating their crops into new products, or helping them to market products in foreign countries.

Many activities on the sea, such as hydromotorcycles, banana split boats and parasailing, are the risk factors of coral bleaching. These activities are popular in India and are greeted with joy for visitors, nevertheless, these activities scare benthos to go away from their original places, change the air above the sea and the water undersea, and cause pollution, and coral reefs and their zooxanthellae would die and become bleached. The sightseeing development in India has been brought up in recent years. People would like to visit one of the top historic spots in India, and to experience undersea views. It is a valued trip to visit a view of coral reefs and animals underwater in India. However, some people have less knowledge of diving behaviors and might touch coral reefs or stand on them; caused zooxanthellae of coral reefs stay away and coral reefs without their zooxanthellae would die.

In short, the key destructive factor of Indian oceans is economic growth. This kind of situation is happening in most less-developing countries, but it could be controlled by the Kyoto protocol to the United Nations framework convention on climate change. Limitations strategies would help our ocean environment come back as we go for it.

Reference

Coral Bleaching. (Oct, 17, 2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved on October 23, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching .